Electrical system of regulation.



w. A. TURBAYNE. I v CTRICAL SYSTEM OF REGULATION. APPHCATIQN FILE!) APR. 17. I911.

ELE

N TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM TURBAYNE, or NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, AssIGNoR, BY HE'S-NE AssIomNTs, .To U. s. LIGHT & HEAT CORPORATION. or NIAGARA IAdSLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION or ew YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM or REGULATION."

Specification of Letters Yatent.

Appllcatibn filed April 17, 1911. Serial No. 621,597.

vTo all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. TUR- I BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, resid- Systemsof Regulation, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to trical regulation.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide novel means for regulating a generator to confine the output of the generator within predetermined limits.

Another object is to provide improved regulating means which will effect a reduc tion or tapering of the current supplied to a battery, which is associated with the generator, when the battery approaches a fully charged condition.

A further object of the invention is to a system of elecprovide a novel counter'electromotive-forcedevice adapted to regulate the generator field strength. I In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one embodiment of the invention adapted particularly for car lightin service. The invention may of course e embodied in other forms and applied to other uses.

In the drawings: Figure 1 illustrates a car lighting system embodying the invention. F ig; 2 illustrates diagrammatically a preferred construction of counter-electro-.

motive force device.

The car lighting system illustrated comprises a generator having an armature 1 and a shunt field winding 2 adapted to supply an external circuit across which a storage battery 3 and lamp circuit 4 are connected in l'have illustrated parallel branches.

. The output of the generator is regulated by the counter-electro-inotive force device 5 which is adapted under certain conditions tooppose the current in the shunt field Winding 2 and thereby vary the effectiveness of the same. The operation of the counterelectro-motive force device is controlled by a controlling winding or windings, connected in circuitto ive the regulation desired, a current responsiveseries nected a winding 6 connected in the external circuit and -a ltage responsive shunt coil 7 concross the external circuit. The controlling winding or windings may of course be otherwise connected. I

An automatic switch 8 is adapted to close the external circuit from the generator to the storage battery upon predetermined voltage rise of the generator. The automatic switch comprises a shunt connected lifting. coil 9 and a series connected releasing coil 10. The circuit to the lamps may be closed by any suitabletype of switch 11 v and the voltage impressed on the lamp circuit may be controlled by any suitable form of regulator 12.

The counter-electro-motive force device 1 illustrated in Fig. 2 consists preferably of a laminated iron cylinder 13, having openings 14 therethrough, provided with a distributed winding 15 of the usual type, connected to a commutator 16 at regular intervals. The iron ring surrounding the openings 14 need not necessarily be integral. with and rotated with the cylinder 18, as this ring simply completes the magnetic circuit for the flux set up in the interior portion surrounded by the windings 15. The use of a ring of integral construction, however, is accompanied by certain gains incidental to the elimination of the air-gap.

Four brushes engage the commutator 16, the brushes 17, 18 being connected in the circuit with the main field winding 2 of the generator and the brushes 19,20, which are preferably arranged ninety electrical degrees from said first brushes being connect ed with the make and break contacts 21, 22 which may be arranged and mounted in any suitable manner. The ring 13 is attached to the armature shaft of the generator and rotates therewith. The movable contact 21 is adapted to be operated by the movements of the core 23 in response to the energization of the-windings 6 and 7. This core is normally held inuppermost position by the spring 24, whereby the short circuit around the brushes 19, 20 is normally open at the contacts 21, 22.

Patented Sept. 5, 1916.

energization of the lifting coil9 will cause the closing of the automatic switch 8, Whereupon the generator will charge the storage battery and carry the lamp load, it the lamp circuit is closed. The closing of the automatic switch takes place when the generator voltage is slightly in excess of the battery voltage. The flow of generator current through the releasing coil 10, causes said coil to aid the lifting coil 9 in holding the automatic switch closed. If the generator voltage should drop below the' battery voltage, the flow of battery current through said releasing coil 10 in reverse direction, would cause said releasing coil 10 to Oppose. the lifting coil 9, whereupon the automatic switch would fall open, disconnecting the generator from the battery. During the operation of the generator, the current through the field winding 2 will also traverse the windings 15 of the counter-electromotive force device 5, thereby setting up a magnetic flux in line with the brushes 1? and 18. Rotation through this flux will develop maximum voltage across the brushes 19 and 20 but will develop negligible voltage across the brushes 17 and 18 included in the generator field circuit. If the generator current or voltage tends to exceed the value for which the contact 21 is adjusted to operate, the core 23 will be drawn down, thereby establishing a. short circuit across the brushes 1!) and 20, and the current in this short circuit will set up an effective magnetic flux having an axis in line with the brushes 19 and 20, so that a countcr-elcctro-motive force will then be developed across brushes 17 and 18 in opposition to that impressed by-the generator across the field winding 2. This counterclcctro-motivc force will therefore cause a reduction of the generator field strength and consequently generator output, whereby the core 23 will be again raised by the spring 24 and the contact 21 will also be lifted to open the short circuit across the brushes 19 and :20 and thereby permit the generator output to rise. This cycle of operation will be repeated periodically'at a rapid rate and hence the generator output will be held to the desired value, regardless of the speed of rotation. Since the series and shunt coils 6 and 7 respectively, act cunnilativcly on the.core 23, a tapering charge will be given to the battery as the back pressure of the latter rises, the regulating effect of the series coil 6 diminishing as the regulating, efi'ect of the shunt coil 7 increases in response to said back pressure increase. It is obvious that any desired output characteristic may be given the generator loy'providing the proper controlling winding or windings. Furthermore, the timiting values of the generator voltage or current will be determined by the values given to said shunt and series windings respectively. Inasmuch. as the generator, when used with a car lighting system, is

' subject to rotation in'either direction, suit- The positions which the brushes will occupy when the generator is rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow are illustrated in full lines and the flexible connections between the brushes and the main leads are illustrated at a and Should the arniature be rotated in the opposite direction the brushes will. automatically shift to the dotted line positions, the flexible connectors for this position being illustrated at a and Z). With the proper polarity of the main generator assured, no pole changing device will be necessary with the counter-electricmotive force device 5, as the direction 01"" the magnetic flux set up by short-circuiting the brushes 19 and 20 will always insure the development of a counter-electro-motive force across the brushes 1'? and 18 in the proper direction, regardless of the direction of rotation.

I 'do not desire to limit myself to the details described in connection with the above embodiment of my invention, as it is ap parent that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. I desire, therefore, to-cover any suitable equivalent means for accomplishing the desired results and falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Iclaim as my invention,

1. In a' -ar lighting system, in combination, a shunt wound generator, a counterelectroanotive force device having main brushes connected in series with the shunt field of said generator, apair of auxiliary brushes for said device oft-set electrical degrees from the main brushes thereof, and means for causing a short circuit across said auxiliary brushes whereby av magnetic flux is developed in. a direction to cause a coun ter-electro-motiYe force in said shunt field auxiliary brushes whereby a magnetic flux is developed in line therewith for causing counter-electro-mot1ve force in said shunt field circuit and additional. means for con-- trolling said short circuit to regulate the-l.

generator output, said means including a series coil responsive to generatorcurrent and a' shunt coil responsive to generator voltage, said coils acting cumulatively.

3. In a car lighting system, in combine tion, a shunt .wound generator, a counter electro-inotive force device having main brushes connected in series with the shunt field of said generator, a pair of auxiliary brushes for said device offset 90 electrical degrees from the main brushes thereof, means-for closing a short circuit across said auxiliary brushes whereby a magnetic flux s developed in line therewith for causing a brushes connected in series with the Slll'illl] field of said generator, a pair of auxiliary brushes for said device off-set 90 electrical degrees from the main brushes thereof, means for closing a short circuit across said auxiliary brushes whereby a magnetic flux is developed in line therewith for causing a counter-electro-motive force in -said shunt field circuit and means for controlling said short circuit to regulate the generator out put, said means including a potential winding connected across the generator terminals and responsive to variations in gen erator voltage.

5. In a car lighting system, in combination, a shunt wound generator, a counterelectro-motive force device having Ina-in brushes connected in series with the shunt field of said generator, a pair of auxiliary brushes for said device off-set 90 electrical degrees from the main brushes thereof, means for closing a short circuit across said auxiliary'brushes whereby a magnetic flux is developed in line therewith for causing a counter-electro-motive force in said shuntfield circuit and means for controlling said short circuit to regulate the generator output, said means including a current responsive coil and a voltage responsive coil, said voltage responsive coil tending to regulate the generator voltage, and said current re sponsive coil acting to modify the action of saidvoltage responsive coil in response to current variations in the external circuit.

6. Regulating means for a shunt wound generator including a counter elcctro-motive force device, said device having brushes, said device normally developing a magnetic flux in line with the axis of said brushes,

' whereby substantially no voltage is devel-v oped across said brushes, and means whereby a magnetic flux may be developed. in said device in a direction to produce an electromotive force across said brushes.

7. Regulating means for ashunt wound generatorincluding a counter electro-motive force device, said device having brushes, said device normally developing a magnetic flux in line with the axis of said brushes, whereby substantially no voltage is devel oped across said brushes, and means whereby a magnetic flux may be developed in said device in a direction to produce an electromotive force across said brushes, said means including a vibrating short-circuiting member, and electro-magnetic means for controlling said member.

8. In combination, a shunt wound generator and regulating means therefor includin a counter electro-motive force device, sai device having brushes adapted to be connected in series with the shunt field winding of said generator, said device normally dcvelo ing a. magnetic ,flux in line with the axis 0 said brushes, whereby substantially no voltage is developed across said brushes, and means whereby a magnetic flux 1r" be developed in said device in a dim. ii to produce a counter-electro-motive force in the generator field circuit, said means including a vibrating short-circuiting me1nher, a current responsive coil and a voltage responsive coil acting cumulatively to control said vibrations.

9. In combination, a shunt wound genera tor and regulating means therefi regulating means including a dynamo e tric machine having brushes connect series with the field winding of tor, auxiliary brushes electrically i roin said first brushes, and means for nately opening and closing a short circuit across said auxiliary brushes, whereby said dynai'no electric machine may be caused al ternately to produce substantially no effect on the energization of said field winding and to develop a counter electroauotive force tending to decrease the energizati on of said field windin 10. In combination, a shunt wound generator and regulating means therefor including a CQ'JDtQI elcctro-motive force device, said dc'dce having brushes adapted to be connected in series with the shunt field winding of said generator, said device normally developing annagnetic flu: in line with the axis of said brushes, whereby substantially no voltage is developed across said brushes, and means whereby a magnetic flux may be developed in said device in a direction to )roduce a counter electromotive force in the generator field circuit.

11. In combination, a shunt wound gen era-torwmd regulati g means therefor ineluding a counter elcctio=iuotivc force de vice, said device having brushes adapted to be connected in series with the shunt field Winding of said generator, said device normally developing a, magnetic flux in line with the axis of said brushes, whereby substantially no voltage is developed across said brushes, and means whereby :2, magnetic flux may be developed in said device in a direction to produce a counter electro-inorive force in the generator field circuit, said means including a vibrating short-circuiting member and electromagnetic means for 10 controlling said member.

I n witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE.

Witnesses Geo. B. domes, MAX M. OrrnN nuM. 

